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Some early Tamil texts call Madurai as Koodal, and these portray it as a capital and a temple town where every street radiated from the temple. Goddess Meenakshi is described as the divine ruler, who along with Shiva were the primary deities that the southern Tamil kingdoms such as the Pandya dynasty revered. The marketplace in Madurai was always bustling with life. The day market was called Naalangadi and the evening market was called Allangadi. Due to this, Madurai was known as “Thoonga Nagaram” meaning the city that never sleeps. Architecture. Madurai is built around the Koodal Azhagar temple and Meenakshi Temple, which acted as the geographic and ritual centre of the ancient city of Madurai. The city is divided into a number of concentric quadrangular streets around the temple.

Thiruparakundram Murugan Temple

Built in the 8th century during the reign of Pandyas, the temple has a very rare feature. The idols of Lord Shiva and Lord Vishnu face each other in this temple. It is considered as a unique feature in Hindu temples. With intricate stone carvings, the temple is a fascinating structure which leaves a lasting impression on the visitors. It is one among the six temples of Lord Muruga. Legend has it that Lord Muruga married Goddess Devasena here and the temple is believed to be one of the most auspicious places for marriage. It also stands as a symbol of religious harmony. A Muslim shrine Sekunder is also located here. The temple is cut out of rock and houses the sanctums of Lord Shiva, Lord Vishnu, Lord Vinayaka, Lord Subramanya and Goddess Durga. The carvings reflect immaculate craftsmanship. There is also the stupendous statue of Nandi (The vehicle of Lord Shiva) , Mayil (the vehicle of Lord Subramanya) and Mouse (the vehicle of Lord Vinayaka). Carvings of Mahishasura Mardini, Karpaga Vinayagar, Andarabaranar and Uggirar can also be found on the rocks. Artistically made mandapams add to the attraction of this temple. With exquisite pillars, these mandapams mesmerise the visitors.

Alagarkovil Kallagar Temple

In Alagar kovil the Kallagar temple mandapa (hall) built by stone is found on the South West side of the southern outer compound wall. It is called Vasantha Mandapa erected in the 17th century. This east faced Mandapa has a central Mandapa surrounded by a moat built of stone. During summer the moat is filled with water and floating lotuses. It is again surrounded by a circumambulatory passage. A festival called Vasanthotchavam is celebrated in this Mandapa every year for ten days during the Tamil month Vaikasi ( May-June). On the walls and on the ceiling of this Mandapa there are paintings of high quality drawn with herbal colours depicting the scenes from the Ramayana story. The Ramayana panels are found on the ceilings of the middle mandapa in addition to east, south, west and north walls and the ceiling of North east corner. This 17th century paintings is witnessed and enjoyed by the people. Unfortunately a portion of the murals are damaged due to weathering and the damaged portions are white washed. The paintings provide source for writing the social and cultural history of the contemporary people.These temples have been established during the closing decades of the Sangam period itself. The Vishnu temple, popularly known as Alagarkoil, is located at the foot of the hill. It has six corridors surrounded by fort walls. It is described in the Tamil epic Silappathikaram and in the hymns of the Vaishnava Alvars.